Rich alluvial gold was discovered along the Forest Creek in October 1851 and the settlement that developed was generally known as ‘Forest Creek’. It was re-named Chewton in 1856 and became a municipality in 1860. The town’s population in 1861 was 3,353, but had fallen to around 1,300 by 1901. Of Chewton’s mines, the Madame Garfield mine had a long lease of life, opening in 1866 and working through until 1911.